Maha Jouini’s Vision for Ethical AI in Africa: Reclaiming Data Sovereignty and Shaping a Continental Future
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Maha Jouini in an AllAfrica article makes a powerful call for Africa to assert its agency in the global AI revolution. She argues that while AI is reshaping economies, identities, and ethics worldwide, Africa remains largely a passive participant in this transformation. The continent is rich in data but lacks control over how that data is used, with over 80% of its digital infrastructure dependent on foreign platforms. This results in algorithmic systems that often misrepresent or harm African realities. Jouini warns that importing AI technologies without contextual adaptation risks deepening inequalities and eroding cultural autonomy.
She emphasizes the need for a uniquely African AI governance framework rooted in values like Ubuntu — the philosophy of shared humanity. Such a framework should prioritize contextual ethics, community-based governance, and multilingual inclusivity. Jouini also highlights the strategic risks of ethical exclusion, where Africa becomes a consumer rather than a co-creator of AI. Without proactive governance, AI could exacerbate existing disparities, particularly in areas like gender, youth inclusion, and digital rights.
Putting things into context
Drawing from broader regional developments, Cameroon – for example – is beginning to respond. Cameroon’s national AI strategy, announced in 2025, aims to harness AI for sectors like health, agriculture, and education while addressing ethical concerns and cybersecurity. The strategy is part of a broader digital transformation agenda aligned with the country’s Vision 2035. Meanwhile, regional initiatives like the African Union’s Digital Transformation Strategy and the Africa Declaration on Artificial Intelligence are laying the groundwork for a continental approach to AI governance.
However, Jouini notes that Africa’s AI policy landscape remains fragmented. Only a few countries have formal strategies, and implementation often lags. She calls for a Continental Charter on AI and Data Sovereignty, with pillars such as data ownership, ethical guidelines, public AI infrastructure, regional councils, and AI education. These efforts must be coordinated to avoid duplication and ensure that AI development aligns with Africa’s development goals and cultural values.
Ultimately, Jouini envisions a future where Africa transitions from being a testing ground for foreign technologies to becoming a sovereign innovator. This shift requires reclaiming data control, embedding ethics in AI design, and fostering inclusive innovation. By doing so, Africa can ensure that AI serves as a tool for empowerment and sustainable development rather than a new form of dependency.
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